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The 50 most recently updated study pages, grouped by week. Each entry shows the state, the subject (where it applies), and the date the page was last updated. Want the same feed as JSON? /whats-new.json.
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- SingaporeElectronicsTopic guide
Amplifiers and Operational Amplifiers: O-Level Electronics module overview of voltage gain, the transistor amplifier, op-amp amplifier configurations and the comparator
An O-Level Electronics overview of the Amplifiers and Operational Amplifiers module. Voltage gain as a ratio and in decibels, the single transistor amplifier and the need for biasing, the inverting and non-inverting op-amp gain equations and negative feedback, and the op-amp comparator, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeElectronicsTopic guide
Analogue Electronics: O-Level Electronics module overview of analogue signals, the potential divider, capacitor-resistor time delays and transistor switching circuits
An O-Level Electronics overview of the Analogue Electronics module. Analogue signals and reading a waveform, the potential divider equation, capacitor-resistor time delays, and sensor-driven transistor switching circuits, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeElectronicsTopic guide
Digital Electronics and Logic Gates: O-Level Electronics module overview of binary, the basic gates, NAND and NOR, truth tables and combinational logic design
An O-Level Electronics overview of the Digital Electronics and Logic Gates module. Binary and logic levels, the AND, OR and NOT gates, NAND and NOR (including why NAND is universal), deriving truth tables of combinational logic, and designing a logic system from a specification, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeElectronicsTopic guide
Practical Construction and Testing: O-Level Electronics module overview of breadboard and stripboard, using the multimeter, and systematic fault-finding
An O-Level Electronics overview of the Practical Construction and Testing module. Building circuits on breadboard and stripboard with safe soldering, using a multimeter to measure voltage, current and resistance, and a systematic fault-finding method tested against a specification, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeElectronicsTopic guide
Sensors and Transducers: O-Level Electronics module overview of input transducers, switches and variable resistors, output transducers and the relay
An O-Level Electronics overview of the Sensors and Transducers module. Input transducers (the LDR and thermistor), switches and variable resistors as inputs, output transducers and their energy conversions, and the relay with its flyback diode for driving large loads, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeElectronicsTopic guide
Systems and Signal Processing: O-Level Electronics module overview of the input-process-output model, analogue versus digital signals and feedback in control systems
An O-Level Electronics overview of the Systems and Signal Processing module. The input-process-output systems model and block diagrams, the comparison of analogue and digital signals and converting between them, and feedback in control systems including negative and positive feedback, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeEnglish LiteratureTopic guide
Analysing Character and Theme for O-Level Literature in English (SEAB 2065): how to identify and trace themes, analyse methods of characterisation, follow a character across a text, and connect character to theme
An overview of the Analysing Character and Theme module for O-Level Literature in English (SEAB 2065). How to identify and trace a theme across a whole text, analyse the methods of characterisation, follow a character and their development, and connect character to theme, so that essay answers argue an interpretation rather than describing people or listing ideas.
- SingaporeEnglish LiteratureTopic guide
Reading Drama for O-Level Literature in English (SEAB 2065): how to analyse dialogue and subtext, dramatic structure and conflict, dramatic irony and tension, stagecraft and theme in a play
An overview of the Reading Drama module for O-Level Literature in English (SEAB 2065). How to analyse a play as a script written for performance: dialogue and subtext, dramatic structure and conflict, dramatic irony and tension, stagecraft and stage directions, and theme, and how to answer a passage-based drama question by explaining dramatic effect on the audience.
- SingaporeEnglish LiteratureTopic guide
Reading Prose Fiction for O-Level Literature in English (SEAB 2065): how to analyse narrative point of view, characterisation, prose style, setting, structure and theme in a novel or short story
An overview of the Reading Prose Fiction module for O-Level Literature in English (SEAB 2065). How to analyse narrative point of view, characterisation, prose style and language, setting and atmosphere, structure and plot, and theme in a novel or short story, and how to answer both passage-based and essay questions by explaining how the writer crafts effect rather than retelling the story.
- SingaporeEnglish LiteratureTopic guide
Structuring the Literature Essay for O-Level Literature in English (SEAB 2065): how to build a thesis, plan under exam conditions, write PEEL paragraphs, embed quotation, and answer passage-based and essay questions
An overview of the Structuring the Literature Essay module for O-Level Literature in English (SEAB 2065). How to build a thesis, plan an answer under exam conditions, write tightly argued PEEL paragraphs, embed evidence and quotation, write effective introductions and conclusions, and tackle both passage-based and essay questions so that close reading becomes a controlled, argued response.
- SingaporeEnglish LiteratureTopic guide
The Unseen Poetry and Prose for O-Level Literature in English (SEAB 2065): how to approach, annotate and write a response to an unseen passage of poetry or prose under exam conditions
An overview of the Unseen Poetry and Prose module for O-Level Literature in English (SEAB 2065). How to approach an unseen passage, annotate it under time pressure, analyse an unseen poem and unseen prose, and write a thesis-led response that explains how the writer creates effect and meaning in a text you have never met before.
- SingaporeAccountingTopic guide
Adjustments and the matching principle: N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086), covering the matching principle and accrual basis, accruals and prepayments, depreciation of non-current assets, and irrecoverable debts and the allowance for doubtful debts
An N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086) overview of year-end adjustments and the matching principle: why we match expenses to the period they help to earn, how to adjust for accruals and prepayments, how to depreciate non-current assets by the straight-line and reducing-balance methods, and how to account for irrecoverable debts and an allowance for doubtful debts.
- SingaporeAccountingTopic guide
Books of prime entry and ledgers: N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086), covering source documents, the journals and day books, the two-column cash book, and posting from the books of prime entry to the sales, purchases and general ledgers
An N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086) overview of books of prime entry and ledgers: the source documents that prove each transaction, the sales, purchases, returns and general journals, the two-column cash book with discount columns, and how journal totals and individual entries are posted to the three ledgers.
- SingaporeAccountingTopic guide
Financial analysis and ratios: N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086), covering profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, and interpreting and comparing ratios with their limitations
An N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086) overview of financial analysis and ratios: the gross profit margin and profit margin, the current ratio and the quick (acid-test) ratio, and how to interpret ratios by comparison while keeping in mind the limitations of ratio analysis.
- SingaporeAccountingTopic guide
Financial statements of a sole trader: N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086), covering capital and revenue expenditure, the income statement, the statement of financial position, and preparing both statements from a trial balance with year-end adjustments
An N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086) overview of the financial statements of a sole trader: telling capital expenditure from revenue expenditure, preparing the income statement to find gross profit and profit for the year, preparing the statement of financial position with its capital section, and building both from a trial balance with year-end adjustments.
- SingaporeAccountingTopic guide
Inventory valuation and bank reconciliation: N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086), covering valuing closing inventory at the lower of cost and net realisable value, updating the cash book, and preparing a bank reconciliation statement
An N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086) overview of inventory valuation and bank reconciliation: valuing closing inventory at the lower of cost and net realisable value under the prudence concept, updating the cash book for items the bank recorded first, and preparing a bank reconciliation statement for unpresented cheques and uncredited deposits.
- SingaporeAccountingTopic guide
The accounting environment and the accounting equation: N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086), covering the purpose and users of accounting, forms of business and the sole trader, classifying assets, liabilities and owner's equity, and the accounting equation
An N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086) overview of the accounting environment and the accounting equation: why businesses keep accounts and who uses them, what a sole trader is, how to classify assets, liabilities and owner's equity, and how the dual effect keeps Assets equal to Liabilities plus Owner's Equity.
- SingaporeAccountingTopic guide
The double entry recording system: N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086), covering the five elements and classification, the rules of debit and credit, recording transactions in T-accounts, and balancing off accounts
An N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086) overview of the double entry recording system: classifying every account into the five elements, the rules of debit and credit under DEAD CLIC, recording transactions in T-accounts, and balancing off an account to bring down its balance.
- SingaporeAccountingTopic guide
The trial balance and the correction of errors: N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086), covering preparing a trial balance, the errors not revealed by a trial balance, and correcting errors using the general journal and a suspense account
An N(A)-Level Principles of Accounts (SEAB 7086) overview of the trial balance and the correction of errors: how to prepare a trial balance from ledger balances and what it proves, the six errors that do not affect its agreement, and how to correct errors using the general journal and a suspense account.
- SingaporeAdditional MathematicsTopic guide
Algebra: surds, indices and polynomials in N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051): the laws of indices, simplifying and rationalising surds, and the remainder and factor theorems for polynomials
An N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051) overview of the surds, indices and polynomials outcomes in the Algebra strand. How the laws of indices simplify powers and solve index equations, how to simplify and rationalise surds, and how the remainder and factor theorems find remainders and factorise a cubic, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeAdditional MathematicsTopic guide
The binomial theorem and partial fractions in N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051): expanding a power of a bracket, finding a particular term, and splitting a proper algebraic fraction into simpler parts
An N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051) overview of the binomial theorem and partial fractions in the Algebra strand. How to expand a power of a bracket using binomial coefficients, how the general term picks out a specific term or coefficient, and how to split a proper algebraic fraction with linear factors, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeAdditional MathematicsTopic guide
Coordinate geometry and circles in N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051): gradients, lengths, midpoints and equations of straight lines, the conditions for parallel and perpendicular lines, and the equation of a circle
An N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051) overview of coordinate geometry and circles in the Geometry and Trigonometry strand. How to find the gradient, length, midpoint and equation of a line, the gradient conditions for parallel and perpendicular lines, and the equation of a circle with its centre and radius, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeAdditional MathematicsTopic guide
Differentiation in N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051): the derivative as a gradient, the power, chain, product and quotient rules, tangents and normals, and stationary points and their nature
An N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051) overview of differentiation in the Calculus strand. How the derivative as a gradient leads to the power, chain, product and quotient rules, then to tangents and normals, and to stationary points and deciding their nature, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeAdditional MathematicsTopic guide
Integration in N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051): integration as the reverse of differentiation, the constant of integration, evaluating definite integrals using limits, and finding the area under a curve
An N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051) overview of integration in the Calculus strand. How integration reverses the power rule, why the constant of integration matters, how to evaluate a definite integral by substituting limits, and how to find the area under a curve including regions below the axis, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeAdditional MathematicsTopic guide
Kinematics in N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051): displacement, velocity and acceleration for straight-line motion, using differentiation to move from displacement to velocity to acceleration, and using integration to reverse the chain with initial conditions
An N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051) overview of kinematics in the Calculus strand. The meanings and signs of displacement, velocity and acceleration in straight-line motion, how differentiation steps down from displacement to velocity to acceleration, and how integration steps back up using initial conditions, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeAdditional MathematicsTopic guide
Logarithmic and exponential functions in N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051): the definition and laws of logarithms, the graphs of exponential and logarithmic functions and their reflection symmetry, and solving exponential and logarithmic equations
An N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051) overview of logarithmic and exponential functions in the Algebra strand. The definition of a logarithm as the inverse of a power, the product, quotient and power laws, the shapes and symmetry of the graphs, and how to solve exponential and logarithmic equations, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeAdditional MathematicsTopic guide
Quadratic functions and equations in N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051): completing the square to find the turning point and sketch the parabola, the discriminant and the nature of the roots, and solving quadratic inequalities
An N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051) overview of quadratic functions and equations in the Algebra strand. How completing the square reveals the turning point and lets you sketch the parabola, how the discriminant decides the nature of the roots, and how to solve quadratic inequalities, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeAdditional MathematicsTopic guide
Trigonometry and identities in N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051): the sine, cosine and tangent ratios on the unit circle and their signs by quadrant, the quotient and Pythagorean identities, and solving trigonometric equations within a stated range
An N(A)-Level Additional Mathematics (4051) overview of trigonometry and identities in the Geometry and Trigonometry strand. The unit-circle definitions of sine, cosine and tangent and their signs in each quadrant, the quotient and Pythagorean identities, and how to solve trigonometric equations within a stated range using the basic angle, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeBiologyTopic guide
Biomolecules and enzymes for N(A)-Level Science (Biology): the elements and building blocks of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, how enzymes work as biological catalysts, and the food tests
An N(A)-Level Science (Biology) module overview of biomolecules and enzymes. The elements and building blocks of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, how enzymes act as biological catalysts and the effect of temperature and pH, and the four food tests, with links to every dot point in the module.
- SingaporeBiologyTopic guide
Cell structure and organisation for N(A)-Level Science (Biology): the parts of animal and plant cells, how cells are specialised, levels of organisation, and using the light microscope to calculate magnification
An N(A)-Level Science (Biology) module overview of cell structure and organisation. The parts of animal and plant cells and their functions, how cells are specialised for their jobs, the ladder from cell to organism, and how to use a light microscope and calculate magnification, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeBiologyTopic guide
Ecology and environment for N(A)-Level Science (Biology): food chains and energy flow, the carbon cycle, and the impact of human activity on the environment
An N(A)-Level Science (Biology) module overview of ecology and the environment. Food chains and the flow of energy from the Sun, the carbon cycle linking photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition and combustion, and the impact of human activity with ways to reduce harm, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeBiologyTopic guide
Homeostasis and coordination for N(A)-Level Science (Biology): homeostasis and the control of blood glucose, the nervous system and the reflex arc, and the structure and response of the human eye
An N(A)-Level Science (Biology) module overview of homeostasis and coordination. What homeostasis is and how insulin controls blood glucose by negative feedback, the nervous system and the reflex arc as a fast automatic response, and the structure of the eye and how it responds to light, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeBiologyTopic guide
Movement of substances for N(A)-Level Science (Biology): diffusion, osmosis and active transport, the factors that change their rate, and the effect of osmosis on plant and animal cells
An N(A)-Level Science (Biology) module overview of the movement of substances. Diffusion, osmosis and active transport defined and compared, the factors that change the rate of each, and what osmosis does to plant and animal cells, with links to every dot point in the module.
- SingaporeBiologyTopic guide
Nutrition for N(A)-Level Science (Biology): photosynthesis and its limiting factors, how the leaf is adapted, and human digestion and absorption
An N(A)-Level Science (Biology) module overview of nutrition. The word equation for photosynthesis and its limiting factors, how the leaf is adapted for photosynthesis and gas exchange, and the human digestive system from physical and chemical digestion to absorption, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeBiologyTopic guide
Reproduction and inheritance for N(A)-Level Science (Biology): sexual reproduction in humans, sexual reproduction in flowering plants, and the basics of inheritance and genetic crosses
An N(A)-Level Science (Biology) module overview of reproduction and inheritance. Sexual reproduction in humans from fertilisation to birth, sexual reproduction in flowering plants from pollination to seed, and the basics of genes, alleles and a simple genetic cross, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeBiologyTopic guide
Respiration and gas exchange for N(A)-Level Science (Biology): aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the human breathing system, and gas exchange in the alveoli
An N(A)-Level Science (Biology) module overview of respiration and gas exchange. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration and the energy each releases, the parts of the human breathing system and how breathing happens, and how gas exchange in the alveoli is adapted for fast diffusion, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeBiologyTopic guide
Transport in organisms for N(A)-Level Science (Biology): the components of blood, the human circulatory system and double circulation, and transport in plants by xylem and phloem
An N(A)-Level Science (Biology) module overview of transport in organisms. The components of human blood and their functions, the structure of the heart and the double circulation, and how plants move water in the xylem and food in the phloem including transpiration, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeChemistryTopic guide
Acids, Bases and Salts (Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry 5107): acids as sources of hydrogen ions, the pH scale and indicators, the three reactions of acids, and choosing the right method to prepare a pure salt
A Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry (SEAB 5107) overview of Acids, Bases and Salts. Acids as sources of hydrogen ions and bases that accept them, the pH scale and indicators, the three characteristic reactions of acids, and how to choose between the acid-plus-excess-solid method and precipitation to prepare a pure salt, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeChemistryTopic guide
Atomic Structure and Bonding (Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry 5107): the structure of the atom, electron shells, and how ionic and covalent bonding explain the properties of compounds
A Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry (SEAB 5107) overview of Atomic Structure and Bonding. The protons, neutrons and electrons inside an atom, proton and nucleon number, electron shell arrangements, and how transferring electrons gives ionic bonding while sharing electrons gives covalent bonding, with each bonding type linked to the properties of its compounds.
- SingaporeChemistryTopic guide
Electrolysis (Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry 5107): breaking down molten and aqueous compounds with electricity, predicting the products at each electrode, and the everyday uses of electrolysis
A Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry (SEAB 5107) overview of Electrolysis. How molten ionic compounds and aqueous solutions are broken down by electricity, why the compound must be molten or dissolved, how to predict the product at each electrode, and the everyday uses including electroplating, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeChemistryTopic guide
Energetics, Rates and Redox (Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry 5107): exothermic and endothermic reactions, the factors that change the speed of a reaction, and oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen and electrons
A Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry (SEAB 5107) overview of Energetics, Rates and Redox. Exothermic and endothermic reactions and their energy level diagrams, how concentration, temperature, surface area and catalysts change reaction speed through colliding particles, and oxidation and reduction defined by oxygen and by electron transfer, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeChemistryTopic guide
Experimental Chemistry and Separation (Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry 5107): choosing and reading laboratory apparatus, separating mixtures by physical methods, and testing for purity and identifying common gases
A Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry (SEAB 5107) overview of Experimental Chemistry and Separation. Choosing and correctly reading apparatus for volume, mass, temperature and time, the separation methods from filtration to fractional distillation and chromatography, and using melting and boiling points and gas tests to judge purity and identify substances, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeChemistryTopic guide
Metals and Reactivity (Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry 5107): the properties of metals and alloys, the reactivity series and displacement, and how reactivity decides the way a metal is extracted and how it corrodes
A Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry (SEAB 5107) overview of Metals and Reactivity. The general physical properties of metals, why alloys are often harder and more useful than pure metals, the reactivity series and how it predicts displacement, and how a metal's reactivity decides its extraction method and its tendency to corrode, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeChemistryTopic guide
Organic Chemistry (Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry 5107): the alkanes as fuels, the alkenes and the bromine water test, and ethanol as an alcohol with its uses
A Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry (SEAB 5107) overview of Organic Chemistry. The alkanes as saturated hydrocarbon fuels and their complete and incomplete combustion, the alkenes as unsaturated hydrocarbons distinguished by the bromine water test, and ethanol as a member of the alcohols made by fermentation, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeChemistryTopic guide
Particulate Nature of Matter (Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry 5107): the particle model of solids, liquids and gases, the changes of state and diffusion, and the difference between elements, compounds and mixtures
A Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry (SEAB 5107) overview of the Particulate Nature of Matter. The arrangement, movement and energy of particles in solids, liquids and gases, the changes of state and why temperature stays constant during them, diffusion explained by moving particles, and the difference between elements, compounds and mixtures, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeChemistryTopic guide
Stoichiometry and the Mole (Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry 5107): writing formulae and balancing equations, the mole and relative masses, and using mole ratios to work out reacting masses
A Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry (SEAB 5107) overview of Stoichiometry and the Mole. Writing formulae from ion charges and balancing symbol equations, the meaning of the mole and relative masses, and using the mole ratio from a balanced equation to calculate reacting masses, concentration and percentage yield, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeChemistryTopic guide
The Periodic Table (Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry 5107): how the table is arranged into groups and periods, the trends down Group I, Group VII and Group 0, and the difference between metals, non-metals and the transition block
A Singapore N(A)-Level Science Chemistry (SEAB 5107) overview of the Periodic Table. How the table is arranged into groups and periods and how position links to electron arrangement, the trends down the Group I metals, the Group VII non-metals and the Group 0 noble gases, and how metals, non-metals and the transition block differ, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeCombined ScienceTopic guide
Singapore-Cambridge N(A)-Level Combined Science, Biology: Cells and Human Physiology, from cell structure and the movement of substances to digestion and transport in humans
An N(A)-Level Combined Science module overview for Biology: Cells and Human Physiology (SEAB 5106/5107). How cells are built and organised, how substances cross membranes by diffusion and osmosis, how the digestive system breaks food down, and how the circulatory system carries it, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeCombined ScienceTopic guide
Singapore-Cambridge N(A)-Level Combined Science, Biology: Genetics and Ecology, from DNA, chromosomes and inheritance to food chains, energy flow and human impact on the environment
An N(A)-Level Combined Science module overview for Biology: Genetics and Ecology (SEAB 5106/5107). How chromosomes, genes and alleles pass features from parents to offspring, how a genetic diagram predicts a cross, and how energy flows through food chains and human activity affects the environment, with links to every dot point.
- SingaporeCombined ScienceTopic guide
Singapore-Cambridge N(A)-Level Combined Science, Biology: Plants and Nutrition, from enzymes as biological catalysts and a balanced diet to photosynthesis and how the leaf is adapted to make food
An N(A)-Level Combined Science module overview for Biology: Plants and Nutrition (SEAB 5106/5107). How enzymes act as biological catalysts and respond to temperature and pH, what a balanced diet contains and how foods are tested, and how plants make food by photosynthesis in a leaf adapted for the job, with links to every dot point.
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