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SingaporeChemistryQuick questions
Analytical Techniques
Quick questions on Proton NMR spectroscopy: Singapore A-Level H2 Chemistry
7short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is chemical shift?Show answer
Different chemical environments give different chemical shifts (read from the data-booklet table). Rough guide:
What is integration?Show answer
The area under each peak (the integration trace) is proportional to the number of protons in that environment. A ratio of areas , for example, suggests a , a and one other proton.
What is spin-spin splitting?Show answer
A proton's signal is split by the protons on neighbouring carbon atoms, because their spin states slightly alter the local magnetic field. The n+1 rule: a proton with equivalent neighbouring protons is split into peaks:
What is d2O exchange?Show answer
Protons on O-H and N-H groups can exchange with deuterium when D2O is added. After shaking with D2O, the O-H or N-H peak disappears (the proton is replaced by a non-absorbing deuterium). So a peak that vanishes on adding D2O identifies an exchangeable OH or NH proton.
What is q1?Show answer
Predict the splitting pattern of each proton environment in 1,1,2-trichloroethane, . [2 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Explain how you would use D2O to identify the O-H proton in a spectrum. [2 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
A spectrum shows integration ratio . Suggest a structural feature consistent with the 9-proton peak. [1 mark]
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