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SingaporeChemistryQuick questions

Physical Chemistry

Quick questions on Chemical energetics, Hess's law and Gibbs free energy: Singapore A-Level H2 Chemistry

6short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.

What are standard enthalpy definitions?
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All "standard" values are quoted at 298298 K and 11 bar, per mole, with elements in their standard states.
What are born-Haber cycles?
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A Born-Haber cycle is a Hess cycle for an ionic compound that links its enthalpy of formation to atomisation, ionisation energy, electron affinity, and lattice energy. Rearranging the cycle gives the lattice energy, which cannot be measured directly:
What is entropy?
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Entropy SS measures the disorder, or number of ways energy and particles can be arranged. It increases when: solids melt or dissolve, liquids vaporise, the number of gas molecules increases, or temperature rises.
What is q1?
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Define the standard enthalpy change of formation. [1 mark]
What is q2?
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Using Ξ”Hf\Delta H_f values CO2=βˆ’394\text{CO}_2 = -394, H2O=βˆ’286\text{H}_2\text{O} = -286, C2H5OH=βˆ’278\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} = -278 (kJ per mol), find Ξ”Hc\Delta H_c of ethanol. (C2H5OH+3O2β†’2CO2+3H2O\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} + 3\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{CO}_2 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}.) [3 marks]
What is q3?
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A reaction has Ξ”H=βˆ’90\Delta H = -90 kJ per mol and Ξ”S=βˆ’200\Delta S = -200 J per K per mol. State whether it is feasible at 298298 K. [3 marks]

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