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SingaporeChemistryQuick questions

Physical Chemistry

Quick questions on Chemical bonding and molecular shape (VSEPR): Singapore A-Level H2 Chemistry

6short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.

What are the three bonding types?
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Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer (typically metal to non-metal). It gives giant ionic lattices: high melting points, brittle, conduct when molten or aqueous.
What are the boiling-point anomalies?
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Down a group the hydrides should boil higher (more electrons, stronger dispersion forces), and they mostly do. But H2O\text{H}_2\text{O}, HF\text{HF} and NH3\text{NH}_3 boil anomalously high because of hydrogen bonding. Water is the standout: each molecule has two H atoms and two lone pairs, so it forms an extensive hydrogen-bonded network.
What are double bonds counting as two regions?
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A double bond is one region of electron density for VSEPR, not two.
What is q1?
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Predict the shape and bond angle of (a) BF3\text{BF}_3 and (b) PCl3\text{PCl}_3. [2+2 marks]
What is q2?
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State and explain whether CCl4\text{CCl}_4 is polar. [2 marks]
What is q3?
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Place CH4\text{CH}_4, NH3\text{NH}_3 and H2O\text{H}_2\text{O} in order of increasing boiling point and explain. [3 marks]

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