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SingaporeSports Science

Principles and Methods of Training

4 dot points across 4 inquiry questions. Click any dot point for a focused answer with worked past exam questions where available.

What methods of training exist, and how does a coach choose the right one for a goal?

Describe the main methods of training (continuous, interval, circuit, fartlek, weight, flexibility) and match each to a fitness goal
A focused answer to the O-Level ESS outcome on training methods. Continuous, interval, circuit, fartlek, weight and flexibility training, and how each develops a specific fitness component.
9 min answer →

How is a training year structured, and why is recovery essential to improvement?

Explain periodisation of a training year and the role of rest, recovery and overtraining in adaptation
A focused answer to the O-Level ESS outcome on planning and recovery. The phases of a training year, the role of rest and recovery in adaptation, and the dangers of overtraining.
8 min answer →

What principles must a training programme follow to improve fitness safely and effectively?

Explain the principles of training (specificity, progressive overload, reversibility, tedium) and apply FITT to a programme
A focused answer to the O-Level ESS outcome on training principles. Specificity, progressive overload, reversibility and tedium, and how the FITT framework adjusts a training programme.
9 min answer →

How is training intensity measured, and where do the aerobic and anaerobic training thresholds lie?

Explain training intensity using heart-rate thresholds and determine which training zone a measured heart rate falls into
A focused answer to the O-Level ESS outcome on training intensity. Measuring intensity, the aerobic and anaerobic heart-rate thresholds, and deciding which training zone a heart rate falls into.
8 min answer →