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Energy Systems and Fitness Components

4 dot points across 4 inquiry questions. Click any dot point for a focused answer with worked past exam questions where available.

How does the body produce energy with and without oxygen, and how do these systems suit different activities?

Compare aerobic and anaerobic energy production, including the role of oxygen, lactic acid and EPOC, with sporting examples
A focused answer to the O-Level ESS outcome on energy systems. Aerobic versus anaerobic energy, the role of oxygen and lactic acid, oxygen debt and EPOC, and matching each system to sporting events.
9 min answer →

What is physical fitness made of, and how do its health-related and skill-related components differ?

Distinguish health-related from skill-related fitness and define each component with a sporting example
A focused answer to the O-Level ESS outcome on fitness components. The five health-related and the skill-related components of fitness, each defined with a clear sporting example.
8 min answer →

How is health-related fitness measured, and what does body mass index tell us about body composition?

Describe tests for health-related fitness and calculate and interpret body mass index as a measure of body composition
A focused answer to the O-Level ESS outcome on testing health-related fitness. Common fitness tests, body composition, and how to calculate and interpret body mass index (BMI).
9 min answer →

How is skill-related fitness measured, and how do scores guide an athlete's training?

Describe tests for skill-related fitness and interpret scores against norm tables to identify training needs
A focused answer to the O-Level ESS outcome on testing skill-related fitness. Tests for agility, power, balance, reaction time, speed and coordination, and how to read scores against norm tables.
8 min answer →