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Food Science and the Effects of Cooking

Quick questions on Raising agents in baking - O-Level Food and Nutrition

3short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.

What is air?
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Air is a mechanical raising agent, beaten into the mixture physically:
What is steam?
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Steam is produced from the water already in a wet mixture. When the mixture is heated strongly, the water turns to steam, which expands greatly and pushes the mixture up. The structure then sets around the spaces. Steam raises batters such as Yorkshire pudding and choux pastry, which are wet and baked at a high temperature.
What is carbon dioxide?
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Carbon dioxide is a gas produced chemically or biologically:

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