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World War One and the Peace Settlement
Quick questions on The defeat of Germany in 1918 explained: O-Level History
7short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is the entry of the United States, 1917?Show answer
For most of the war the United States stayed neutral, but in April 1917 it joined the Allies. Two things pushed America in: German submarines sank ships including ones carrying Americans (unrestricted submarine warfare), and an intercepted German message (the Zimmermann Telegram) suggested Germany was trying to turn Mexico against the United States. The effect was enormous. America brought fresh, eager troops, vast industrial production and great financial strength.
What is the Allied naval blockade?Show answer
Throughout the war Britain used its powerful navy to blockade Germany, cutting off imports of food and raw materials. Over time this caused severe shortages. German civilians went hungry, especially in the "turnip winter" of 1916 to 1917 when food was scarce, and industry struggled without raw materials. The blockade slowly drained Germany's ability to fight and badly damaged the morale of soldiers and civilians alike.
What is russia leaves, then the Spring Offensive?Show answer
In 1917 Russia was hit by revolution and pulled out of the war, which freed German troops from the Eastern Front. Germany decided to use this chance for one last great gamble. In spring 1918 it launched the Spring Offensive (the Ludendorff Offensive), a massive attack on the Western Front aiming to win the war before American forces arrived in full strength. At first the Germans advanced further than they had in years.
What is the armistice of November 1918?Show answer
By early November 1918 Germany was in crisis. There was mutiny in the navy and revolution in the cities, and the Kaiser abdicated and fled. A new German government, facing certain defeat, agreed to an armistice (a ceasefire) which came into effect on 11 November 1918. The fighting stopped.
What is q1?Show answer
In which year did the United States enter the First World War? [3 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Explain why the British naval blockade weakened Germany. [5 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
"Germany was defeated in 1918 mainly because of the failure of its Spring Offensive." How far do you agree? [8 marks]
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