History study guides

A module overview of the long-term and short-term causes of the First World War for Singapore O-Level Elective History. How imperial and colonial rivalry, militarism and the arms race, and the alliance system raised tension between the great powers, and how the July Crisis of 1914 turned the Sarajevo assassination into a general European war.

A module overview of the causes of the Second World War in Europe for Singapore O-Level Elective History. Hitler's aggressive foreign policy in the 1930s, the failure of the League of Nations to stop aggression, the policy of appeasement and the Munich Agreement, and how the events of 1939 led to the outbreak of war.

A module overview of the development of the Cold War for Singapore O-Level Elective History. The nuclear arms race and deterrence, the Korean War as containment in Asia, the Cuban Missile Crisis at the edge of nuclear war, and the Vietnam War and why the United States failed to win.

A module overview of the origins of the Cold War in Europe for Singapore O-Level Elective History. How the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union broke down, the American policy of containment through the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, the Berlin Blockade and airlift, and the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact.

A module overview of the end of the Cold War for Singapore O-Level Elective History. Detente and the easing of tension in the 1970s, the decline of the Soviet economy, Gorbachev's reforms of glasnost and perestroika, the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991.

A module overview of the rise of authoritarian regimes between the wars for Singapore O-Level Elective History. How Hitler rose to power in Germany and Mussolini in Italy, how Stalin built total control in the Soviet Union, and how militarists came to dominate Japan, with the common ingredients of crisis, weak government and the appeal of strong leaders.

A module overview of the First World War and the 1919 peace settlement for Singapore O-Level Elective History. The nature of the war and why it became a war of attrition, the reasons for Germany's defeat in 1918, the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and why Germans resented it, and the aims and weaknesses of the League of Nations.

A module overview of the Second World War in Europe and the Asia-Pacific for Singapore O-Level Elective History. Germany's early Blitzkrieg victories and where they stalled, Japanese expansion and the fall of Singapore, and the reasons for the defeat of Nazi Germany and of Japan, including the atomic bombs, in 1945.