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Development and Inequality
Quick questions on Theories of development explained: H2 Geography
5short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is modernisation theory?Show answer
Associated with Rostow's stages of economic growth, modernisation sees development as a linear path that every country can follow through stages: traditional society, preconditions for take-off, take-off, drive to maturity, and high mass consumption. Development comes from investment, the adoption of modern (Western) values and technology, and industrialisation. It locates underdevelopment inside the country, as an early stage to be overcome.
What are neoliberal approaches?Show answer
From the 1980s, neoliberalism argued that development is best driven by free markets: trade liberalisation, privatisation, deregulation and a smaller state, the logic behind structural adjustment programmes. It harnesses market efficiency and global integration, but imposed austerity and rapid liberalisation often deepened poverty and inequality and cut social provision.
What is q1?Show answer
Outline the central claim of dependency theory. [2 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Give one criticism of modernisation theory. [2 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
Explain how the capabilities approach redefines development. [3 marks]
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