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SingaporeComputer Science

Machine Learning and Emerging Technologies

4 dot points across 4 inquiry questions. Click any dot point for a focused answer with worked past exam questions where available.

What ethical and societal issues does artificial intelligence and automation raise, and how should they be addressed?

Discuss the ethical and societal impacts of AI and automation, including bias, accountability, privacy and the effect on work
A focused answer to the H2 Computing outcome on AI ethics. Algorithmic bias, accountability and transparency, privacy and data use, the effect of automation on employment, and responsible approaches.
8 min answer →

What is machine learning, and how does learning from data differ from a traditional programmed solution?

Explain what machine learning is, how a model learns from training data, and how it differs from rule-based programming
A focused answer to the H2 Computing outcome on machine learning fundamentals. Learning a model from data rather than coding explicit rules, training and inference, features and labels, and the role of data quality.
8 min answer →

How does a neural network learn, and what makes deep learning powerful for tasks like image recognition?

Describe an artificial neural network in terms of neurons, weights and layers, and explain how training adjusts weights
A focused answer to the H2 Computing outcome on neural networks. Artificial neurons with weighted inputs and an activation function, input, hidden and output layers, how training adjusts weights to reduce error, and what deep learning adds.
8 min answer →

What are the main types of machine learning, and when do we use labelled versus unlabelled data?

Distinguish supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning, and identify classification, regression and clustering tasks
A focused answer to the H2 Computing outcome on types of machine learning. Supervised learning with labelled data (classification and regression), unsupervised learning with unlabelled data (clustering), reinforcement learning, and matching a task to a type.
8 min answer →