Singapore A-Level H2 Biology central themes overview quiz (SEAB 9744) quiz

The quaternary structure, the arrangement of the separate folded subunits

The primary structure (amino acid sequence)

The tertiary structure alone, the overall three-dimensional shape of a single chain

The number of disulfide bonds linking the cysteine residues across the chain

Both transcription and translation take place entirely inside the nucleus, near the chromosomes

Transcription happens at the ribosome, while translation takes place within the nucleus on the DNA

Transcription in the nucleus, translation at the ribosome in the cytoplasm

Both transcription and translation occur at the ribosomes out in the cytoplasm of the cell

They have permanently lost different genes

They use different genetic codes

One contains DNA and the other contains only RNA

They express different genes

Chemiosmosis, using a proton gradient to drive ATP synthase

The Calvin cycle, fixing carbon dioxide into carbohydrate using the products of the light reactions

Glycolysis, splitting each glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvate out in the cytoplasm

Substrate-level phosphorylation only, transferring a phosphate directly from a substrate to ADP

To predict the exact phenotype of one individual offspring from a single known genetic cross

To provide a null model of allele and genotype frequencies for a non-evolving population

To prove conclusively that evolution can never occur in any natural population over time

To calculate the rate of mutation in a population directly from its observed allele frequencies

The code is read two bases at a time, so the third base of each group is simply ignored entirely

The code is degenerate (most amino acids have more than one codon)

Every codon codes for several different amino acids at once, so the cell can choose between them

The code is different in every organism, so the same codon means a different thing in each species

It always produces a silent change that leaves the amino acid sequence completely unaltered

It affects only the first codon of the gene and leaves all of the later codons unchanged

It causes a frameshift that changes every codon downstream

It removes the promoter region, so the gene can no longer be transcribed into mRNA at all

Simple diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

By retaining long-lived memory cells specific to the antigen

By relying entirely on non-specific phagocytes that engulf and digest the invading pathogen each time

By permanently changing the genetic code of the pathogen so that it can no longer cause any disease

By using exactly the same slow response time as the primary response, but producing far more antibody

Bacteria deliberately mutate in order to survive the antibiotic

The antibiotic teaches each bacterium to become resistant

Natural selection acting on pre-existing heritable variation

A change in the bacteria's genetic code caused by the patient

The innate response is highly specific and forms lasting memory, whereas the adaptive response does neither

The innate response is rapid and non-specific; the adaptive response is specific and develops memory

Both responses are exactly equally specific to the antigen and both of them form long-lived memory cells

The adaptive response always acts first against any new pathogen, and the innate response only comes later

Calculating the mean and standard deviation

Spearman's rank correlation

A simple percentage change

The chi-squared goodness-of-fit test