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Cell Biology
Quick questions on Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure: H2 Biology Cell Biology
5short Q&A pairs drawn directly from our worked dot-point answer. For full context and worked exam questions, read the parent dot-point page.
What is the prokaryotic cell?Show answer
A prokaryotic cell (a bacterium) is much smaller and simpler. It has no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles. Its single circular DNA molecule lies free in the cytoplasm in the nucleoid region, often with small extra rings called plasmids. It has a cell surface membrane, a peptidoglycan cell wall, smaller 70S ribosomes, and frequently a flagellum or a protective capsule.
What is relating structure to function?Show answer
The recurring theme is that structure fits function. The cristae of the mitochondrion give a large surface area for the electron transport chain. The ribosome-studded RER places protein synthesis next to the lumen where folding occurs. The nuclear envelope separates transcription from translation so that mRNA can be processed before it is read.
What is q1?Show answer
State two structures found in a prokaryotic cell but not in an animal cell. [2 marks]
What is q2?Show answer
Explain why a cell that makes and exports lipid-based hormones would contain abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum. [2 marks]
What is q3?Show answer
A mitochondrion has folded inner membranes called cristae. Explain how this folding supports the organelle's function. [2 marks]
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